Kwanan nan, TCL Zhonghuan ya ba da sanarwar yin rajista don biyan kuɗin da za a iya canzawa daga MAXN, kamfani mai hannun jari, don dalar Amurka miliyan 200 don tallafawa bincike da haɓaka samfuran Maxeon 7 na samfuran sa bisa fasahar baturi IBC. A ranar ciniki ta farko bayan sanarwar, farashin hannun jari na TCL Central ya tashi da iyaka. Kuma hannun jarin Aixu, wanda kuma ke amfani da fasahar batirin IBC, tare da batirin ABC da ake shirin samarwa da yawa, farashin hannun jari ya karu da fiye da sau 4 tun daga ranar 27 ga Afrilu.
Yayin da masana'antar daukar hoto a hankali ke shiga cikin nau'in nau'in N-nau'in, fasahar batirin N-type wanda TOPCon, HJT, da IBC ke wakilta ya zama abin da masana'antun ke fafatawa don shimfidawa. Bisa ga bayanan, TOPCon yana da karfin samar da wutar lantarki na 54GW, da kuma tsarin ginawa da kuma shirin samar da 146GW; HJT na yanzu ƙarfin samar da shi ne 7GW, kuma a karkashin gininsa da kuma tsara ikon samar da shi ne 180GW.
Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta da TOPCon da HJT, babu tarin IBC da yawa. Kamfanoni kaɗan ne kawai a yankin, kamar TCL Central, Aixu, da LONGi Green Energy. Jimillar sikelin da ake da su, da ake ginawa da ƙarfin samarwa da aka tsara bai wuce 30GW ba. Dole ne ku sani cewa IBC, wanda ke da tarihin kusan shekaru 40, an riga an sayar da shi, tsarin samar da kayayyaki ya girma, kuma duka inganci da farashi suna da wasu fa'idodi. Don haka, menene dalilin da IBC bai zama babbar hanyar fasaha ta masana'antu ba?
Fasahar dandali don ingantaccen juzu'i, kyan gani da tattalin arziki
Dangane da bayanan, IBC shine tsarin tantanin halitta na photovoltaic tare da haɗin baya da haɗin baya. SunPower ne ya fara gabatar da shi kuma yana da tarihin kusan shekaru 40. Gefen gaba yana ɗaukar SiNx/SiOx fim ɗin anti-reflection anti-reflection ba tare da layin grid na ƙarfe ba; da emitter, baya filin da madaidaitan ingantattun na'urorin ƙarfe na ƙarfe suna haɗawa a bayan baturin a cikin siffa mai tsaka-tsaki. Tun da gefen gaba ba a toshe shi ta hanyar layin grid, za a iya amfani da hasken da ya faru har zuwa matsakaicin iyakar, za a iya ƙara yawan yanki mai haske mai haske, za a iya rage hasara na gani, kuma manufar inganta ingantaccen canji na photoelectric zai iya zama. samu.
Bayanan sun nuna cewa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idar IBC shine 29.1%, wanda ya fi 28.7% da 28.5% na TOPCon da HJT. A halin yanzu, matsakaicin matsakaicin ingantaccen juzu'in samar da yawan jama'a na sabuwar fasahar salula ta MAXN ta IBC ta kai sama da 25%, kuma ana sa ran sabon samfurin Maxeon 7 zai karu zuwa sama da 26%; ana sa ran matsakaicin ƙarfin jujjuyawa na sel Aixu's ABC zai kai 25.5%, mafi girman ƙarfin juzu'i a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje Ingantacciyar aiki yana da girma kamar 26.1%. Sabanin haka, matsakaicin ingantaccen juzu'in samar da yawan jama'a na TOPCon da HJT da kamfanoni suka bayyana gabaɗaya tsakanin 24% da 25%.
Amfana daga tsarin gefe guda, IBC kuma ana iya sanya shi tare da TOPCon, HJT, perovskite da sauran fasahar batir don samar da TBC, HBC da PSC IBC tare da ingantaccen juzu'i, don haka ana kuma san shi da "fasahar dandamali". A halin yanzu, mafi girman ingancin canjin dakin gwaje-gwaje na TBC da HBC sun kai 26.1% da 26.7%. Dangane da sakamakon kwaikwaiyo na aikin tantanin halitta na PSC IBC wanda ƙungiyar bincike ta ƙasashen waje ta gudanar, ingantaccen juzu'i na tsarin 3-T PSC IBC wanda aka shirya akan tantanin ƙasa na IBC tare da ingantaccen canjin hoto na 25% daidaitaccen rubutu na gaba ya kai 35.2%.
Yayin da ingantaccen juzu'i ya fi girma, IBC kuma yana da ƙarfin tattalin arziki. Bisa kididdigar da masana masana'antu suka yi, farashin na yanzu kowane W na TOPcon da HJT ya kasance 0.04-0.05 yuan / W da 0.2 yuan / W fiye da na PERC, kuma kamfanonin da suka mallaki tsarin samar da IBC na iya cimma wannan farashi. kamar PERC. Hakazalika da HJT, zuba jarin kayan aikin IBC ya yi yawa, ya kai kusan yuan miliyan 300/GW. Koyaya, samun fa'ida daga halayen ƙarancin amfani da azurfa, farashin kowane W na IBC yana da ƙasa. Yana da kyau a ambaci cewa Aixu's ABC ya samu fasahar da ba ta da azurfa.
Bugu da ƙari, IBC yana da kyakkyawan bayyanar saboda ba a katange shi ta hanyar layin grid a gaba, kuma ya fi dacewa da yanayin gida da kasuwanni da aka rarraba kamar BIPV. Musamman a cikin kasuwar mabukaci mai ƙarancin farashi, masu siye sun fi son biyan ƙima don kyan gani mai daɗi. Misali, baƙar fata, waɗanda suka shahara sosai a kasuwannin gida a wasu ƙasashen Turai, suna da ƙimar ƙima fiye da na al'ada na PERC saboda sun fi kyau dacewa da rufin duhu. Duk da haka, saboda matsalar tsari na shirye-shiryen, ingantaccen juzu'i na nau'ikan nau'ikan baƙar fata yana ƙasa da na PERC modules, yayin da "kyakkyawan dabi'a" IBC ba shi da irin wannan matsala. Yana da kyakkyawan bayyanar da ingantaccen juzu'i, don haka yanayin aikace-aikacen Faɗin kewayo da ƙarfin ƙimar samfur mai ƙarfi.
Tsarin samarwa ya girma, amma wahalar fasaha yana da girma
Tun da IBC yana da ingantaccen juzu'i da fa'idodin tattalin arziki, me yasa ƙananan kamfanoni ke tura IBC? Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, kawai kamfanoni waɗanda ke da cikakken ƙwararrun tsarin samarwa na IBC zasu iya samun farashi wanda yake daidai da na PERC. Sabili da haka, tsarin samar da hadaddun, musamman kasancewar yawancin nau'ikan matakai na semiconductor, shine ainihin dalilin da ya rage "taron".
A cikin ma'anar gargajiya, IBC galibi yana da hanyoyin aiwatarwa guda uku: ɗaya shine tsarin IBC na gargajiya wanda SunPower ke wakilta, ɗayan shine tsarin POLO-IBC wanda ISFH ke wakilta (TBC na asali iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda yake), kuma na uku ana wakilta. ta hanyar Kaneka HBC. Ana iya ɗaukar hanyar fasahar ABC na Aixu a matsayin hanyar fasaha ta huɗu.
Daga hangen nesa na balaga na tsarin samarwa, IBC na gargajiya ya riga ya sami yawan samarwa. Bayanai sun nuna cewa SunPower ya aika da jimillar guda biliyan 3.5; ABC za ta cimma ma'auni mai yawa na 6.5GW a cikin kwata na uku na wannan shekara. Abubuwan da ke cikin jerin "Black Hole" na fasaha. Dangantakar da magana, fasahar TBC da HBC ba ta cika ba, kuma zai ɗauki lokaci kafin a fara kasuwanci.
Musamman ga tsarin samarwa, babban canjin IBC idan aka kwatanta da PERC, TOPCon, da HJT yana cikin daidaitawar wutar lantarki ta baya, wato, samuwar yankin p + mai tsaka-tsaki da yankin n +, wanda kuma shine mabuɗin don shafar aikin baturi. . A cikin samar da tsari na classic IBC, daidaitawar na'urar lantarki ta baya ya ƙunshi hanyoyi guda uku: bugu na allo, laser etching, da ion implantation, wanda ya haifar da hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku, kuma kowace hanyar hanya ta dace da yawancin matakai kamar 14. matakai, matakai 12 da matakai 9.
Bayanan sun nuna cewa kodayake bugu na allo tare da fasahar balagagge yana kama da sauƙi a saman, yana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci. Duk da haka, saboda yana da sauƙi don haifar da lahani a saman baturin, tasirin doping yana da wuyar sarrafawa, kuma ana buƙatar bugu na allo da yawa da daidaitattun matakan daidaitawa, don haka ƙara wahalar tsari da farashin samarwa. Laser etching yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin haɓakawa da nau'ikan doping masu iya sarrafawa, amma tsarin yana da rikitarwa da wahala. Ion implantation yana da halaye na high iko madaidaici da kuma mai kyau diffition uniformity, amma da kayan aiki ne tsada da kuma yana da sauki a yi lattice lalacewa.
Dangane da tsarin samar da ABC na Aixu, galibi yana ɗaukar hanyar etching laser, kuma tsarin samarwa yana da matakai 14. Dangane da bayanan da kamfanin ya bayyana a taron musayar ayyuka, yawan yawan amfanin da ake samu na ABC shine kawai 95%, wanda yayi ƙasa da kashi 98% na PERC da HJT. Dole ne ku sani cewa Aixu ƙwararrun masana'anta ce tare da tarin fasaha mai zurfi, kuma girman jigilar sa yana matsayi na biyu a duniya duk shekara. Wannan kuma yana tabbatar da kai tsaye cewa wahalar aikin samar da IBC yana da yawa.
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin fasaha na zamani na TOPCon da HJT
Kodayake tsarin samar da IBC yana da matukar wahala, nau'ikan fasahar sa na nau'ikan dandamali suna ba da mafi girman ƙayyadaddun ingantaccen juzu'i, wanda zai iya tsawaita tsarin rayuwar fasaha yadda ya kamata, yayin da yake kiyaye ƙimar kasuwancin kamfanoni, yana iya rage ayyukan da ke haifar da haɓakar fasaha. . kasada. Musamman ma, tarawa tare da TOPCon, HJT, da perovskite don samar da baturin tandem tare da ingantaccen juzu'i gaba ɗaya masana'antu suna ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin fasaha a nan gaba. Saboda haka, IBC mai yiwuwa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin fasahar zamani na gaba na sansanonin TOPCon da HJT na yanzu. A halin yanzu, kamfanoni da yawa sun bayyana cewa suna gudanar da bincike na fasaha masu dacewa.
Musamman, TBC da aka kafa ta superposition na TOPCon da IBC suna amfani da fasahar POLO don IBC ba tare da garkuwa a gaba ba, wanda ke inganta tasirin wucewa da wutar lantarki mai buɗewa ba tare da rasa halin yanzu ba, don haka inganta ingantaccen canjin photoelectric. TBC yana da fa'idodin kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kyakkyawan zaɓin zaɓin zaɓi da babban dacewa tare da fasahar IBC. Matsalolin fasaha na tsarin samar da shi sun kasance a cikin keɓance na'urar lantarki ta baya, daidaitaccen ingancin wucewar polysilicon, da haɗin kai tare da hanyar tsarin IBC.
HBC da aka kirkira ta superposition na HJT da IBC ba su da garkuwar lantarki a saman gaba, kuma yana amfani da Layer anti-reflection maimakon TCO, wanda ke da ƙarancin hasarar gani da ƙarancin farashi a cikin ɗan gajeren zango. Saboda mafi kyawun tasirin wucewar sa da ƙarancin zafin jiki, HBC yana da fa'ida a bayyane a ingantaccen juzu'i a ƙarshen baturi, kuma a lokaci guda, ƙarfin wutar lantarki a ƙarshen module shima ya fi girma. Koyaya, matsalolin tsarin samarwa kamar tsananin keɓewar lantarki, tsari mai rikitarwa da kunkuntar taga tsari na IBC har yanzu sune matsalolin da ke hana masana'antar ta.
PSC IBC da aka kafa ta superposition na perovskite da IBC na iya gane nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i-nau'i). Kodayake ingantaccen ingantaccen juzu'i na PSC IBC yana da girma a ka'ida, tasiri akan kwanciyar hankali na samfuran siliki na siliki bayan tari da daidaituwar tsarin samarwa tare da layin samarwa na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke hana haɓakar sa.
Jagoranci "Tattalin Arziki na Kyau" na Masana'antar Photovoltaic
Daga matakin aikace-aikacen, tare da barkewar kasuwannin da aka rarraba a duk duniya, samfuran IBC module tare da ingantaccen juzu'i da mafi girman bayyanar suna da fa'idodin haɓaka haɓaka. Musamman ma, manyan fasalulluka masu kima na iya gamsar da masu amfani da neman “kyakkyawa”, kuma ana sa ran samun wani ƙimar samfurin. Dangane da masana'antar kayan aikin gida, "tattalin arzikin bayyanar" ya zama babban abin da ke haifar da ci gaban kasuwa kafin barkewar cutar, yayin da kamfanonin da ke mai da hankali kan ingancin samfura sannu a hankali masu amfani sun yi watsi da su. Bugu da ƙari, IBC kuma ya dace da BIPV, wanda zai zama mahimmin ci gaba a cikin matsakaici zuwa dogon lokaci.
Dangane da tsarin kasuwa, a halin yanzu akwai 'yan wasa kaɗan kawai a cikin filin IBC, irin su TCL Zhonghuan (MAXN), LONGi Green Energy da Aixu, yayin da kasuwar da aka rarraba ya kai fiye da rabin yawan hotunan hoto. kasuwa. Musamman tare da cikakkiyar fashewar kasuwar ajiyar kayan gani na gidan Turai, wanda ba shi da ƙarancin farashi, inganci da ƙimar samfuran IBC mai ƙima a tsakanin masu amfani.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-02-2022