A cikin ƙira na tsarin tashar wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, rabon ƙarfin da aka shigar na kayan aikin hoto zuwa ƙimar ƙarfin inverter shine DC / AC Power Ratio,
Wanne ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci na ƙira. A cikin "Photovoltaic Power Generation System Efficiency Standard" da aka saki a cikin 2012, an tsara nauyin ƙarfin aiki bisa ga 1: 1, amma saboda tasirin yanayin haske da zafin jiki, samfurori na photovoltaic ba zai iya isa ga ikon nominal mafi yawan lokaci, da inverter m All suna gudana a kasa da cikakken iya aiki, kuma mafi yawan lokaci yana cikin matakin ɓata iya aiki.
A cikin ma'auni da aka fitar a ƙarshen Oktoba 2020, ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic ya sami 'yanci cikakke, kuma matsakaicin adadin abubuwan da aka haɗa da inverters ya kai 1.8:1.Sabon ma'auni zai ƙara yawan buƙatun gida don abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da inverters.Zai iya rage farashin wutar lantarki da kuma hanzarta zuwan zamanin na daidaitattun photovoltaic.
Wannan takarda za ta ɗauki tsarin hoto da aka rarraba a Shandong a matsayin misali, kuma yayi nazarin shi daga hangen nesa na ainihin ikon fitarwa na samfurori na hoto, yawan asarar da aka samu ta hanyar samar da kayayyaki, da kuma tattalin arziki.
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Yanayin sama da samar da na'urorin hasken rana
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A halin yanzu, matsakaita kan samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic a duniya yana tsakanin 120% da 140%.Babban dalilin samar da sama da ƙasa shine cewa na'urorin PV ba za su iya kaiwa madaidaicin iko mafi girma yayin ainihin aiki ba.Abubuwan da ke tasiri sun haɗa da:
1) Rashin isasshen ƙarfin radiation (hunturu)
2) zafin yanayi
3).Datti da toshe kura
4) .Solar module fuskantarwa ba mafi kyau duka ko'ina cikin yini ( tracking brackets ne kasa da wani factor )
5) .Solar module attenuation: 3% a farkon shekara, 0.7% a kowace shekara bayan haka.
6) .Matching asarar ciki da kuma tsakanin kirtani na hasken rana modules
Ƙwararrun samar da wutar lantarki na yau da kullun tare da ma'auni daban-daban fiye da samarwa
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan samar da kayan aiki na tsarin photovoltaic ya nuna karuwar haɓaka.
Baya ga dalilai na asarar tsarin, ƙarin raguwar farashin sassa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da kuma inganta fasahar inverter sun haifar da karuwa a yawan adadin igiyoyin da za a iya haɗa su, yin sama da samar da karin tattalin arziki. Bugu da ƙari. , yawan samar da kayan aikin na iya rage tsadar wutar lantarki, ta yadda za a inganta yawan dawo da aikin cikin gida, ta yadda za a kara karfin hana hadarin zuba jarin aikin.
Bugu da ƙari, manyan nau'o'in hotuna masu ƙarfi sun zama babban abin da ke faruwa a cikin ci gaban masana'antar photovoltaic a wannan mataki, wanda ya kara yawan yiwuwar samar da abubuwan da aka gyara da kuma ƙara yawan kayan aikin gida na photovoltaic.
Dangane da abubuwan da ke sama, yawan samarwa ya zama yanayin ƙirar aikin hotovoltaic.
02
Ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki da nazarin farashi
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Ɗaukar tashar wutar lantarki ta gidan 6kW na hoto wanda mai shi ya saka a matsayin misali, LONGi 540W modules, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a kasuwa da aka rarraba, an zaɓi.An kiyasta cewa ana iya samar da matsakaicin kilowatt 20 na wutar lantarki a kowace rana, kuma karfin samar da wutar lantarki na shekara ya kai kusan kWh 7,300.
Dangane da sigogin lantarki na abubuwan da aka gyara, aikin halin yanzu na matsakaicin wurin aiki shine 13A.Zaɓi babban inverter GoodWe GW6000-DNS-30 akan kasuwa.Matsakaicin shigarwar halin yanzu na wannan inverter shine 16A, wanda zai iya dacewa da kasuwa na yanzu.high halin yanzu aka gyara.Ɗaukar matsakaicin ƙimar shekaru 30 na jimlar hasken hasken shekara-shekara a cikin birnin Yantai, na lardin Shandong a matsayin ma'ana, an yi nazarin tsarin daban-daban tare da ma'auni daban-daban.
2.1 ingantaccen tsarin
A gefe guda, yawan samar da wutar lantarki yana ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki, amma a daya bangaren, saboda karuwar adadin na'urori masu amfani da hasken rana a gefen DC, asarar madaidaicin na'urorin hasken rana a cikin igiyoyin hasken rana da kuma asarar hasken rana. Ƙaruwar layin DC, don haka akwai ma'auni na iya aiki mafi kyau, haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin.Bayan simintin PVsyst, ana iya samun ingantaccen tsarin a ƙarƙashin ƙimar iya aiki daban-daban na tsarin 6kVA.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa, lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin ya kai kusan 1.1, ingantaccen tsarin ya kai matsakaicin matsakaicin, wanda kuma yana nufin cewa ƙimar amfani da kayan aikin shine mafi girma a wannan lokacin.
Ingantaccen tsarin da samar da wutar lantarki na shekara tare da ma'aunin iya aiki daban-daban
2.2 samar da wutar lantarki da kudaden shiga
Dangane da ingancin tsarin a ƙarƙashin ma'auni daban-daban na samar da sama da ƙasa da ƙimar ruɓewar ƙididdiga na samfuran a cikin shekaru 20, ana iya samun ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara ƙarƙashin ma'auni daban-daban na samarwa.Dangane da farashin wutar lantarki na 0.395 yuan/kWh (farashin madaidaicin wutar lantarki na gurɓataccen kwal a Shandong), ana ƙididdige yawan kuɗin sayar da wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara.Ana nuna sakamakon lissafin a teburin da ke sama.
2.3 Binciken farashi
Kudin shi ne abin da masu amfani da ayyukan hotunan hoto na gida suka fi damuwa da su. Daga cikin su, samfurori na hoto da kuma inverters sune manyan kayan aikin kayan aiki, da sauran kayan taimako irin su maƙallan hoto, kayan kariya da igiyoyi, da kuma farashin da suka danganci shigarwa don aikin. gini. Bugu da ƙari, masu amfani kuma suna buƙatar la'akari da farashin kula da tsire-tsire na photovoltaic.Matsakaicin farashin kulawa yana kusan kashi 1% zuwa 3% na jimlar kuɗin saka hannun jari.A cikin jimlar farashin, samfuran hotovoltaic suna lissafin kusan 50% zuwa 60%.Dangane da abubuwan kashe kuɗi na sama, farashin naúrar farashin hotovoltaic na gida na yanzu kusan kamar yadda aka nuna a tebur mai zuwa:
Ƙimar Kudin Tsarukan PV na Mazauni
Saboda mabanbantan ma'auni na sama-sama, farashin tsarin kuma zai bambanta, gami da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, maƙallan, igiyoyin DC, da kuɗin shigarwa.Dangane da teburin da ke sama, ana iya ƙididdige farashin nau'ikan abubuwan samarwa daban-daban, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa.
Farashin Tsarin, Fa'idodi da Ingantattun Ingantattun Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa Daban-daban
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Ƙarin fa'ida bincike
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Ana iya gani daga binciken da aka yi a sama cewa ko da yake samar da wutar lantarki da kuma samun kudin shiga na shekara zai karu tare da karuwar yawan samar da kayayyaki, kudaden zuba jari kuma zai karu.Bugu da ƙari, teburin da ke sama ya nuna cewa tsarin tsarin yana da sau 1.1 mafi kyau lokacin da aka haɗa su.Saboda haka, daga ra'ayi na fasaha, nauyin nauyin 1.1x yana da kyau.
Duk da haka, daga ra'ayi na masu zuba jari, bai isa ba don la'akari da tsarin tsarin photovoltaic daga hangen nesa na fasaha.Har ila yau, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da tasirin rarar kudaden shiga na zuba jari ta fuskar tattalin arziki.
Dangane da farashin saka hannun jari da samun kudin samar da wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin madaidaitan ma'auni daban-daban na sama, ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar kWh na tsarin don shekaru 20 da ƙimar cikin gida kafin haraji.
LCOE da IRR ƙarƙashin ma'auni daban-daban na sama da ƙasa
Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga wannan adadi na sama, lokacin da rabon iya aiki ya yi kadan, samar da wutar lantarki da kuma kudaden shiga na tsarin yana karuwa tare da karuwar karfin rabo, kuma karuwar kudaden shiga a wannan lokaci zai iya rufe karin kudin saboda fiye da haka. rarrabawa.Lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin ya yi girma, ƙimar cikin gida na dawowar tsarin a hankali ya ragu saboda dalilai kamar haɓakawa a hankali a cikin iyakar ƙarfin da aka ƙara da kuma karuwa a cikin asarar layi.Lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin shine 1.5, ƙimar ciki na dawowar IRR na tsarin saka hannun jari shine mafi girma.Sabili da haka, daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki, 1.5: 1 shine mafi kyawun damar iya aiki don wannan tsarin.
Ta hanyar irin wannan hanyar kamar yadda aka sama, ana ƙididdige ma'auni mafi kyau na tsarin da ke ƙarƙashin iko daban-daban daga hangen nesa na tattalin arziki, kuma sakamakon shine kamar haka:
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Epilogue
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Ta yin amfani da bayanan albarkatun hasken rana na Shandong, a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ma'auni daban-daban na iya aiki, ana ƙididdige ikon fitar da samfurin photovoltaic wanda ya kai ga inverter bayan an rasa.Lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin ya kasance 1.1, asarar tsarin shine mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma yawan amfani da kayan aiki shine mafi girma a wannan lokacin. Duk da haka, daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki, lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin ya kasance 1.5, kudaden shiga na ayyukan photovoltaic shine mafi girma. .Lokacin zayyana tsarin photovoltaic, ba wai kawai yawan amfani da kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin abubuwan fasaha ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi ba, har ma da tattalin arziki shine mabuɗin ƙirar aikin.Ta hanyar lissafin tattalin arziki, tsarin 8kW 1.3 shine mafi yawan tattalin arziki lokacin da aka samar da shi, tsarin 10kW 1.2 shine mafi yawan tattalin arziki lokacin da aka samar da shi, kuma tsarin 15kW 1.2 shine mafi tattalin arziki lokacin da aka samar da shi fiye da yadda ya kamata. .
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da irin wannan hanyar don lissafin tattalin arziki na iya aiki a cikin masana'antu da kasuwanci, saboda rage yawan farashin kowace watt na tsarin, ma'auni mai mahimmanci na tattalin arziki zai kasance mafi girma.Bugu da ƙari, saboda dalilai na kasuwa, farashin tsarin photovoltaic kuma zai bambanta da yawa, wanda kuma zai shafi ƙididdige ƙimar ma'auni mafi kyau.Wannan kuma shine ainihin dalilin da yasa kasashe daban-daban suka fitar da ƙuntatawa akan ƙimar ƙira na tsarin photovoltaic.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-28-2022